※ Air conditioners and refrigerators

The temperature control function of air conditioners and refrigerators is mainly realized by the evaporation and condensation of copper tubes in heat exchangers. The size and heat transfer performance of heat exchange tubes determine the efficiency and miniaturization of the entire air conditioner and refrigeration device to a large extent. All of these machines are made of special-shaped copper tubes with high thermal conductivity. Using the good processing performance of copper, recently developed and produced heat pipes with inner grooves and high fins, which are used to manufacture heat exchangers in air conditioners, refrigerators, chemical and waste heat collection devices, which can make new heat exchangers The total heat transfer coefficient of the exchanger is increased to 2 to 3 times that of ordinary tubes, and 1.2 to 1.3 times that of ordinary low-finned tubes, which can save 40% of copper and reduce the volume of the heat exchanger by more than 1/3.

※ Clocks

Clocks, chronographs and devices with clockwork mechanisms are currently produced, where most of the working parts are made of "horological brass". The alloy contains 1.5-2% lead, which has good processability and is suitable for mass production. For example, gears are cut out of long extruded brass rods, flat wheels are punched out of strips of corresponding thickness, engraved clock faces are made of brass or other copper alloys as well as screws and joints, etc. A large number of cheap watches are made of gunmetal (tin-zinc bronze) or nickel-silver plated (nickel-nickel).

※ Papermaking

In the current information-changing society, paper consumption is huge. Paper looks simple on the surface, but the papermaking process is very complicated. It needs to go through many steps and apply many machines, including coolers, evaporators, beaters, paper machines and so on. Many of these components, such as: various heat exchange tubes, rollers, striking bars, semi-liquid pumps and wire mesh, are mostly made of copper alloys.

※ printing

Copper plates are used for photo-engraving in printing. The surface-polished copper plate is sensitized with photosensitive emulsion, and the image is photographed on it. The photosensitive copper plate needs to be heated to harden the glue. In order to avoid heat softening, copper often contains a small amount of silver or arsenic to increase the softening temperature. Then, the plate is etched to form a printing surface with sub-patterns of concave and convex dots.

On the automatic typesetting machine, the layout of the brass font blocks is used to make the layout, which is another important use of copper in printing. Type blocks are usually leaded brass, sometimes copper or bronze.

※ wine making

Copper plays an important role in beer brewing around the world. Uchimura, who often uses copper for malt barrels and fermentation tanks. There are more than a dozen such vats with a capacity of more than 20,000 gallons in some famous breweries. In the fermentation tank, in order to cool down, steel pipes are often used for cooling. Also use steel pipes to pass water vapor to heat when brewing beer, and use steel pipes to transport wine liquid and the like.

Steel stills are commonly used when distilling whiskey and other spirits. Whiskey malt is distilled twice, using two large copper stills.

※ Medicine

In the pharmaceutical industry, all kinds of steaming, boiling and vacuum devices are made of pure copper. Zinc-nickel copper is widely used in medical devices. Copper alloy is also a common material for spectacle frames and so on.